<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Being a powerful\u00a0oxidizing acid, nitric acid reacts with many organic materials, and the reactions may be explosive. The\u00a0hydroxyl\u00a0group will typically strip a hydrogen from the organic molecule to form water, and the remaining nitro group takes the hydrogen’s place. Nitration of organic compounds with nitric acid is the primary method of synthesis of many common explosives, such as\u00a0nitroglycerin\u00a0and\u00a0trinitrotoluene\u00a0(TNT). As very many less stable byproducts are possible, these reactions must be carefully thermally controlled, and the byproducts removed to isolate the desired product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction with non-metallic elements, with the exceptions of nitrogen, oxygen,\u00a0noble gases,\u00a0silicon, and\u00a0halogens\u00a0other than iodine, usually oxidizes them to their highest\u00a0oxidation states\u00a0as acids with the formation of nitrogen dioxide for concentrated acid and\u00a0nitric oxide\u00a0for dilute acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C (graphite) + 4 HNO3 \u2192 CO2 + 4 NO2 + 2 H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 C (graphite) + 4 HNO3 \u2192 3 CO2 + 4 NO + 2 H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes\u00a0I2,\u00a0P4, and\u00a0S8\u00a0into\u00a0HIO3,\u00a0H3PO4, and\u00a0H2SO4, respectively.\u00a0Although it reacts with graphite and amorphous carbon, it does not react with diamond; it can separate diamond from the graphite that it oxidizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xanthoproteic test<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nitric acid reacts with\u00a0proteins\u00a0to form yellow nitrated products. This reaction is known as the\u00a0xanthoproteic reaction. This test is carried out by adding concentrated nitric acid to the substance being tested, and then heating the mixture. If proteins that contain\u00a0amino acids\u00a0with\u00a0aromatic\u00a0rings are present, the mixture turns yellow. Upon adding a base such as\u00a0ammonia, the color turns orange. These color changes are caused by nitrated aromatic rings in the protein.Xanthoproteic acid\u00a0is formed when the acid contacts\u00a0epithelial cells. Respective local skin color changes are indicative of inadequate safety precautions when handling nitric acid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Being a powerful\u00a0oxidizing acid, nitric acid reacts with many organic materials, and the reactions may be explosive. The\u00a0hydroxyl\u00a0group will typically strip a hydrogen from the organic molecule to form water, and the remaining nitro group takes the hydrogen’s place. Nitration of organic compounds with nitric acid is the primary method of synthesis of many common […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-introduction","tag-nitric"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\n